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Fluorescent Penetrant

All about Fluorescent Penetrant Testing

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PENTRANT TESTING (PT)

Penetrant Testing (PT), also known as Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT), is a widely used non destructive testing (NDT) method that helps detect surface breaking defects in non porous materials. This method is commonly used to inspect metals, plastics and ceramics for cracks, porosity and other discontinuities that might compromise the material’s integrity. Fluorescent Penetrant or FPI is used to aviation sector because provide excellent detection sensitivity to small surface discontinuities as very small quantities of fluorescent penetrant will emit highly visible indications when exposed to UV-A. As you see above penetrants are formulated and categorized by the specific removal method.

FLUORESCENT PENETRANT - TYPE I

Water Washable Penetrant

Water Washable Penetrant The usual liquid base or vehicle for a penetrant is petroleum oil, which is insoluble or immiscible in water. This means the penetrant cannot be removed with water, however, there are chemical compounds called emulsifiers that when mixed with the oil vehicle form a mixture that can be removed with water.
Method A

Lipophilic Penetrant

Postemulsifiable Lipophilic is the Method B, is not used any more and is forbidden to rotating engine parts and components. Lipophilic emulsifiers are oil-based products, which are applied with the sole purpose to convert the excess surface penetrant into an emulsifiable mixture that can be removed with water.
METHOD B

Solvent Removable

Method ′′C′′ is most often used with spray cans, that's why we called it the portable method . The solvent removable method utilizes a solvent wipe to remove excess surface penetrant. Usually the penetrants used in the solvent removable process are the postemulsifiable penetrants; however, water washable penetrants can also be used.
METHOD C

Hydrophilic Penetrant

The penetrants are often the same as those used in the lipophilic method; however, the hydrophilic emulsifier method requires the use of a separate water-based remover solution. Hydro- philic emulsifiers, also more accurately known as hydrophilic removers, are water-soluble and actually remove excess surface penetrant.
METHOD D

Levels of Penetrant Sensitivity

Sensitivity Level 1/2 – Ultra-Low sensitivity

Sensitivity Level 1 – Low sensitivity

Sensitivity Level 2 – Medium sensitivity

Sensitivity Level 3 – High sensitivity

Sensitivity Level 4 – Ultra-high sensitivity

Forms of Developer

Form a – Dry-powder

Form b – Water-soluble

Form c – Water Suspendible

Form d – Nonaqueous, Type I, Fluorescent Systems (solvent based)

Form e – Nonaqueous, Type II, Visible Dye Systems (solvent based)

Form f – Special/Applications

Classifications of Solvent Removers

Class 1 – Halogenated

Class 2 – Nonhalogenated

Class 3 – Special Application